šļø MSRA Podcast: Gynaecomastia ā All You Need to Know for Exams! š§
š§āāļø Struggling with gynaecomastia for the MSRA? Get all the essential info you needādefinitions, causes, differentials, management, and red flagsāin one focused, high-yield episode! Perfect for revision, practice, and quick recall. Letās make this topic stick! š”
š Definition
ā¢ Gynaecomastia = benign enlargement of male breast tissue (glandular, not just fat)
ā¢ Caused by an imbalance between oestrogen (ā¬ļø) and androgens (ā¬ļø)
š Causes
ā¢ Physiological: newborns š¶ (maternal oestrogen), puberty š§āš (60% of boys), older age š“
ā¢ Pathological: hormonal (hypogonadism, hyperthyroid, testicular/adrenal tumours, cirrhosis, CKD), drugs š (spironolactone, anti-androgens, anabolic steroids, antipsychotics, antiretrovirals, cimetidine, ketoconazole, amiodarone, methyldopa, isoniazid), obesity, Klinefelter, idiopathic
ā¢ Mnemonic: PAMA-RMO = Puberty, Ageing, Medications, Anabolic steroids/Marijuana, Renal/Liver disease, Medical/Family history, Obesity
š§¬ Pathophysiology
ā¢ Oestrogen stimulates growth, androgens inhibit it
ā¢ Persistent imbalance ā”ļø glandular tissue proliferation
ā¢ Chronic = fibrosis (may be irreversible)
š©ŗ Symptoms
ā¢ Unilateral or bilateral, firm, sometimes tender disc under the nipple
ā¢ Psychological impact: embarrassment, low self-esteem
ā ļø Differential Diagnosis
ā¢ Breast cancer (hard, irregular, unilateral, rapid growth, nipple/skin changes, axillary nodes, FHx BRCA, Klinefelter)
ā¢ Pseudogynaecomastia (fat only), lipoma, mastitis
š§āš¬ Diagnosis
ā¢ Clinical history + exam (onset, drug history, systemic features)
ā¢ Bloods: U&E, LFTs, TFTs, testosterone, oestrogen, prolactin, Ī²-hCG, AFP
ā¢ Imaging: breast US/mammogram (if suspicious), testicular US, chest X-ray
ā¢ Biopsy if malignancy suspected
š©¹ Management
ā¢ Reassure if physiological/puberty
ā¢ Treat underlying cause: stop causative meds, manage comorbidities
ā¢ Medical: Tamoxifen if persistent/painful
ā¢ Surgical: Liposuction or gland excision if severe or fails medical Rx
ā¢ Refer if red flags/malignancy suspected
š Prognosis & Complications
ā¢ Most cases resolve (esp. physiological/puberty, if cause corrected)
ā¢ Psychological distress is commonāaddress openly
ā¢ Surgical risks: scarring, asymmetry, altered nipple sensation
ā¢ Underlying malignancy is rare but seriousānever miss red flags!
ā¢ š Revision Notes:
https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/gynaecomastia-revision-notes/
ā¢ š Flashcards:
https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/gynaecomastia-flashcards/
ā¢ ā Accordion Q&A:
https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/gynaecomastia-accordion-qa-notes/
ā¢ š Rapid Quiz:
https://www.passthemsra.com/topic/gynaecomastia-rapid-quiz/
ā¢ š Endocrinology MSRA Course:
https://www.passthemsra.com/courses/endocrinology-for-the-msra/
#MSRA #MSRARevision #Gynaecomastia #Endocrinology #MSRAFlashcards #MSRAQuiz #PassTheMSRA #NICEGuidelines #MedicalEducation #GPExam #MedStudent #Revision #Podcast
Ready to boost your MSRA revision? Tap the links, test your knowledge, and master gynaecomastia for exam day! š
š Key Learning Pointsš ļø Useful MSRA Gynaecomastia Resources
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